About BeautifulSoup

Description

1. BeautifulSoup的基本元素
2. HTML内容遍历方法
3. HTML格式化
4. 信息标记与内容查找方法

1.BeautifulSoup五种基本元素

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

def getText(url):
    try:
        kv = { 'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0' }
        r = requests.get(url, headers=kv)
        r.raise_for_status()
        r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
        return r.text
    except:
        return 'Error'


def solve(txt):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(txt, 'html.parser')
    print(soup.title)

    print(soup.a) # 标签(只返回了第一个标签内容)
    print(type(soup.a)) # <class 'bs4.element.Tag'>

    print(soup.a.name) # 标签名字
    print(type(soup.a.name)) # <class 'str'>
    print(soup.a.parent.name)
    print(soup.a.parent.parent.name)

    print(soup.a.attrs) # 标签属性
    print(type(soup.a.attrs)) # <class 'dict'>
    print(soup.a.attrs['href']) # 采用字典的方式提取信息

    print(soup.a.string)
    print(type(soup.a.string)) # <class 'bs4.element.NavigableString'>

    newsoup = BeautifulSoup('<b><!--This is a comment--></b><p>This is not a comment</p>', 'html.parser')
    print(newsoup.b.string) # This is a comment 自动去掉了注释标志
    print(type(newsoup.b.string)) # <class 'bs4.element.Comment'>
    print(newsoup.p.string) # This is not a comment
    print(type(newsoup.p.string)) # <class 'bs4.element.NavigableString'>


def main():
    url = "https://www.csdn.net/"
    txt = getText(url)
    solve(txt)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

2.HTML内容的三种遍历

Code

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

def getText(url):
    try:
        kv = { 'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0' }
        r = requests.get(url, headers=kv)
        r.raise_for_status()
        r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
        return r.text
    except:
        return 'Error'


def down(demo):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(demo, 'html.parser')
    print(soup.head)
    print(soup.head.contents) # head标签子节点（包括：标签节点、字符串节点(像'\n')）的列表
    print(type(soup.head.contents)) # <class 'list'>
    print(soup.body)
    print(soup.body.contents)
    print(len(soup.body.contents))
    print(soup.body.contents[1])

    for child in soup.body.children: # 循环遍历子节点(迭代类型只能用在for...in...结构中)
        print(child)

    for grandchild in soup.body.descendants: # 循环遍历所有子孙节点(迭代类型)
        print(grandchild)


def up(demo):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(demo, 'html.parser')
    for parent in soup.a.parents: # 节点的"先辈"标签,没有则None
        if parent is None:
            print(parent)
        else:
            print(parent.name)
    print(soup.title.parent) # 节点的父亲标签
    print(soup.html.parent) # html为最高标签，父节点为自己

def parallel(demo):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(demo, 'html.parser')
    print(soup.a.next_sibling)
    print(soup.a.next_sibling.next_sibling)
    print(soup.a.previous_sibling)
    print(soup.a.previous_sibling.previous_sibling)
    print(soup.a.parent)

    for sibling in soup.a.next_siblings: # 迭代类型，遍历后序节点
        print(sibling)
    for sibling in soup.a.previous_siblings: # 迭代类型，遍历前序节点
        print(sibling)

def main():
    url = "https://fireworks99.github.io/"
    demo = getText(url)
    # down(demo)
    # up(demo)
    parallel(demo)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

3.HTML格式化prettify

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

# 爬取网页的通用代码框架
def getText(url):
    try:
        r = requests.get(url)
        r.raise_for_status()
        r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
        return r.text
    except:
        return "Error occurred"


if __name__ == "__main__":
    url = "https://fireworks99.github.io/"
    demo = getText(url)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(demo, 'html.parser')
    print(soup.prettify())
    print(soup.a.prettify())

4.信息标记与内容查找方法